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GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The APS1006 is a 1.5MHz constant frequency, slope compensated current mode PWM stepdown converter. The device integrates a main switch and a synchronous rectifier for high efficiency without an external Schottky diode. It is ideal for powering portable equipment that runs from a single cell lithium-Ion (Li+) battery. The APS1006 can supply 600mA of load current from a 2.5V to 5.5V input voltage. The output voltage can be regulated as low as 0.6V. The APS1006 can also run at 100% duty cycle for low dropout operation, extending battery life in portable system. Pulse Skipping Mode operation at light loads provides very low output ripple voltage for noise sensitive applications. The APS1006 is offered in a low profile (1mm) 5-pin, SOT package, and is available in an adjustable version and fixed output voltage of 1.2V, 1.5V and 1.8V.
APS1006
1.5 MHz, 600mA Synchronous Step-Down Converter FEATURES
* * * * * * * * * * * * * High Efficiency: Up to 96% 1.5MHz Constant Switching Frequency 600mA Output Current at VIN=3V Integrated Main switch and synchronous rectifier. No Schottky Diode Required 2.5V to 5.5V Input Voltage Range Output Voltage as Low as 0.6V 100% Duty Cycle in Dropout Low Quiescent Current: 300A Slope Compensated Current Mode Control for Excellent Line and Load Transient Response Short Circuit Protection Thermal Fault Protection <1A Shutdown Current Space Saving 5-Pin Thin SOT23 package
APPLICATIONS
* * * * * * * Cellular and Smart Phones Microprocessors and DSP Core Supplies Wireless and DSL Modems PDAs MP3 Player Digital Still and Video Cameras Portable Instruments
EVALUATION BOARD
Standard Demo Board EV1006ET5-02 Dimensions (mm) 60X x 60Y x 1.6Z
Typical Application
Efficiency vs Output Current
100 90 VIN = 2.7V
80 VIN = 3.6V EFFICIENCY (%) 70 60 50 40 30 VIN = 4.2V
Figure 1. Basic Application Circuit with APS1006 adjustable version, Vout = 1.8V
20 10 0.1
VOUT = 1.8V TA = 25C
1 10 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
1000
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Absolute Maximum Rating (Note 1)
Input Supply Voltage ...................... -0.3V to +6V RUN, VFB Voltages .................. -0.3V to VIN+0.3V SW, Vout Voltages .................. -0.3V to VIN+0.3V Peak SW Sink and Source Current.............. 1.5A
APS1006
Operating Temperature Range... -40C to +85C Junction Temperature (Note2) .....................+125C Storage Temperature Range .... -65C to +150C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10s).........+300C
Package/Order Information
Adjustable Output Version: Fixed Output Versions:
Top View
TOP VIEW
Top View
TOP VIEW
Run
1
5
VFB
Run
1
5
VOUT
MARKING
MARKING
GND SW
2
GND
4
2
3
VIN
SW
3
4
VIN
TSOT23-5 TSOT23-5
Part Number APS1006ET5
Top Mark A1XY(note4)
Temp Range
-40C to +85C
Part Number APS1006ET5-1.5 APS1006ET5-1.8 APS1006ET5-1.2
Top Mark A2XY A3XY A4XYB
Temp Range -40C to +85C
Thermal Resistance (Note 3):
Package TSOT23-5 JA 250C/W JC 110C/W
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be impaired. Note 2: TJ is calculated from the ambient temperature TA and power dissipation PD according to the following formula: TJ = TA + PD x JA. Note 3: Thermal Resistance is specified with approximately 1 square of 1 oz copper. Note 4: XY = Manufacturing Date Code
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Electrical Characteristics (Note 5)
(VIN =VRUN= 3.6V, TA = 25C, Test Circuit Figure 1, unless otherwise noted.)
APS1006
Parameter
Input Voltage Range Input DC Supply Current Active Mode Shutdown Mode Regulated Feedback Voltage VFB Input Bias Current Reference Voltage Line Regulation Regulated Output Voltage Output Voltage Line Regulation Output Voltage Load Regulation Maximum Output Current Oscillator Frequency RDS(ON) of P-CH MOSFET RDS(ON) of N-CH MOSFET Peak Inductor Current SW Leakage
Conditions
MIN
2.5
TYP
MAX
5.5
unit
V A A V V V nA %/V V V V %/V %/mA mA
VFB=0.5V VFB=0V, VIN=4.2V TA = +25C TA= 0C TA 85C TA= -40C TA 85C VFB = 0.65V VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, VOUT = VFB (R2=0) APS1006ET5-1.2, -40C TA 85C APS1006ET5-1.5, -40C TA 85C APS1006ET5-1.8, -40C TA 85C VIN = 2.5V to 5.5V, IOUT=10mA IOUT from 10 to 600mA VIN = 3.0V VFB=0.6V or VOUT=100% ISW = 300mA ISW = -300mA VIN=3V, VFB=0.5V or VOUT=90% Duty Cycle <35% VRUN = 0V, VSW= 0V or 5V, VIN = 5V
0.5880 0.5865 0.5850
270 0.08 0.6000 0.6000 0.6000
400 1.0 0.6120 0.6135 0.6150 30
0.11 1.164 1.455 1.746 1.200 1.500 1.800 0.11 0.0015 600 1.2 1.5 0.30 0.20 1.20 0.01 60 0.3 0.45 0.1
0.40 1.236 1.545 1.854 0.40
1.8 0.50 0.45
MHz A
1
A mV
Output over voltage lockout VOVL = VOVL - VFB RUN Threshold RUN Leakage Current -40C TA 85C
1.5 1
V A
Note 5: 100% production test at +25C. Specifications over the temperature range are guaranteed by design and characterization.
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Typical Performance Characteristics
(Test Figure 1 above unless otherwise specified)
Efficiency vs Input Voltage
100 95 90 EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 2 3 4 5 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 6 Iload = 10 mA Iload = 500 mA Iload = 100 mA 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.1 VIN = 2.7V
APS1006
Efficiency vs Output Current
VIN = 3.6V
VIN = 4.2V
VOUT = 1.2V TA = 25C 1 10 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 1000
Efficiency vs Output Current
100 90 80 EFFICIENCY (%) EFFICIENCY (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.1 VOUT = 1.5V TA = 25C VIN = 3.6V VIN = 4.2V VIN = 2.7V 100 90
Efficiency vs Output Current
VIN = 2.7V
80 VIN = 3.6V 70 60 50 40 30 20 1000 10 0.1 VOUT = 1.8V TA = 25C VIN = 4.2V
1 10 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
1 10 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
1000
Efficiency vs Output Current
100 90 80 EFFICIENCY (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.1 1 10 100 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 1000 VOUT = 2.5V TA = 25C VIN = 3.6V
EFFICIENCY (%)
Efficiency vs Load Current
100 90 80 VIN = 3.6V VOUT = 1.8V TA = 25C L = 2.2 uH
VIN = 2.7V
VIN = 4.2V
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0.1 1 L = 4.7 uH L = 1.4 uH L = 10 uH
10
100
1000
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
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Efficiency vs Load Current
100 90 80 70
EFFICIENCY (%)
APS1006
Outpu Voltage vs Load Current
1.84 1.82 1.8
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
VIN = 3.6V VOUT 2.5V TA = 25C
1.78 1.76 1.74 1.72 1.7 1.68 1.66 1.64 VOUT = 1.8V VIN = 3.6V L = 2.2uH
60 L = 10 uH 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.1 1 L = 2.2 uH L = 1.4 uH 10 100 1000 L = 4.7 uH
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
Frequency vs Input Voltage
1.46 1.45 1.44
FREQUENCY (MHz)
RDS(ON) vs Input Voltage
0.5
VOUT = 1.8V ILOAD = 150mA L = 2.2uH
0.4 MAIN SWITH
R DS(ON) (OHM)
1.43 1.42 1.41 1.4 1.39 1.38 1.37 1.36 2.7
0.0 0.1 0.3
0.2
SYNCHRONOUS SWITCH
3.15
3.6
4.05
4.5
4.95
5.4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Reference Voltage vs Temperature
0.6080 0.6072
REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V)
RDS(ON) vs Temperature
0.38 0.36 0.34 0.32 RDS(ON) (OHM) 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.20 N_R DS(ON) P_RDS(ON) VIN = 3.6V
VIN = 3.6V
0.6064 0.6056 0.6048 0.6040 0.6032 0.6024 0.6016 0.6008 -50 -30 -10 10 30 50 70 90
0.18 -45 -30 -15
TEMPERATURE (C)
0 15 30 45 Temperature (C)
60
75
90
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Input Voltage vs Input Current
0.32 0.32 0.31 INPUT CURRENT (mA) 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.26 2.7 3 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) VOUT = 1.8V ILOAD = 0 L = 2.2uH
OSC Frequency (MHz)
APS1006
Frequency vs Temperature
1.60 1.55 1.50 1.45 1.40 1.35 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.15 1.10 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 VIN = 3.6V
Temperature (C)
Supply Current vs Temperature
320 300
Supply Current (uA)
Load Transient Response PWM Mode Only
280 260 240 220 200 -50
-30
-10
10
30
50
70
90
Temperature (C)
Load Transient Response Pulse Skipping Mode to PWM Mode PWM
Pulse Skipping Mode
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Pin Description
PIN
1 2 3 4
APS1006
NAME
RUN GND SW IN
5
VFB/VOUT
FUNCTION Regulator Enable control input. Drive RUN above 1.5V to turn on the part. Drive RUN below 0.3V to turn it off. In shutdown, all functions are disabled drawing <1A supply current. Do not leave RUN floating. Ground Power Switch Output. It is the Switch note connection to Inductor. This pin connects to the drains of the internal P-CH and N-CH MOSFET switches. Supply Input Pin. Must be closely decoupled to GND, Pin 2, with a 2.2F or greater ceramic capacitor. VFB(APS1006ET5): Feedback Input Pin. Connect FB to the center point of the external resistor divider. The feedback threshold voltage is 0.6V. VOUT(APS1006ET5-1.2/APS1006ET5-1.5/APS1006ET5-1.8). Output Voltage Feedback Pin. An internal resistive divider divides the output voltage down for comparison to the internal reference voltage.
Functional Block Diagram
Figure 2. APS1006 Block Diagram
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Operation
APS1006 is a monolithic switching mode StepDown DC-DC converter. It utilizes internal MOSFETs to achieve high efficiency and can generate very low output voltage by using internal reference at 0.6V. It operates at a fixed switching frequency, and uses the slope compensated current mode architecture. This Step-Down DCDC Converter supplies 600mA output current at VIN = 3V with input voltage range from 2.5V to 5.5V.
APS1006
Dropout Operation
When the input voltage decreases toward the value of the output voltage, the APS1006 allows the main switch to remain on for more than one switching cycle and increases the duty cycle (Note 5) until it reaches 100%. The output voltage then is the input voltage minus the voltage drop across the main switch and the inductor. At low input supply voltage, the RDS(ON) of the P-Channel MOSFET increases, and the efficiency of the converter decreases. Caution must be exercised to ensure the heat dissipated not to exceed the maximum junction temperature of the IC.
Note 5: The duty cycle D of a step-down converter is defined as:
Current Mode PWM Control
Slope compensated current mode PWM control provides stable switching and cycle-by-cycle current limit for excellent load and line responses and protection of the internal main switch (P-Ch MOSFET) and synchronous rectifier (N-CH MOSFET). During normal operation, the internal P-Ch MOSFET is turned on for a certain time to ramp the inductor current at each rising edge of the internal oscillator, and switched off when the peak inductor current is above the error voltage. The current comparator, ICOMP, limits the peak inductor current. When the main switch is off, the synchronous rectifier will be turned on immediately and stay on until either the inductor current starts to reverse, as indicated by the current reversal comparator, IZERO, or the beginning of the next clock cycle. The OVDET comparator controls output transient overshoots by turning the main switch off and keeping it off until the fault is no longer present.
D = TON x f OSC x 100%
V OUT x100% VIN
Where TON is the main switch on time and fOSC is the oscillator frequency (1.5Mhz).
Maximum Load Current
The APS1006 will operate with input supply voltage as low as 2.5V, however, the maximum load current decreases at lower input due to large IR drop on the main switch and synchronous rectifier. The slope compensation signal reduces the peak inductor current as a function of the duty cycle to prevent sub-harmonic oscillations at duty cycles greater than 50%. Conversely the current limit increases as the duty cycle decreases.
Pulse Skipping Mode Operation
At very light loads, the APS1006 automatically enters Pulse Skipping Mode. In the Pulse Skipping Mode, the inductor current may reach zero or reverse on each pulse. The PWM control loop will automatically skip pulses to maintain output regulation. The bottom MOSFET is turned off by the current reversal comparator, IZERO, and the switch voltage will ring. This is discontinuous mode operation, and is normal behavior for the switching regulator.
Layout Guidance
When laying out the PC board, the following suggestions should be taken to ensure proper operation of the APS1006. These items are also illustrated graphically in Figure 3. 1. The power traces, including the GND trace, the SW trace and the VIN trace should be kept short, direct and wide to allow large current flow. Put enough multiply-layer pads when they need to change the trace layer. 2. Connect the input capacitor C1 to the VIN pin as closely as possible to get good power filter effect.
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3. Keep the switching node, SW, away from the sensitive FB node.
APS1006
4. Do not trace signal line under inductor.
(a) Top Layer
(b) Internal GND Plane
(c) Bottom Layer
(d) Middle Layer
Figure 3. APS1006 Four Layers Layout Example, with the 2nd and 3rd Internal Plane GND
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APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Figure 4 below shows the basic application circuit with APS1006 fixed output versions.
APS1006
For output voltages above 2.0V, when light-load efficiency is important, the minimum recommended inductor is 2.2H. For optimum voltage-positioning load transients, choose an inductor with DC series resistance in the 50m to 150m range. For higher efficiency at heavy loads (above 200mA), or minimal load regulation (but some transient overshoot), the resistance should be kept below 100m. The DC current rating of the inductor should be at least equal to the maximum load current plus half the ripple current to prevent core saturation (600mA+105mA). Table 2 lists some typical surface mount inductors that meet target applications for the APS1006. Table 2. Typical Surface Mount Inductors L (H) 1.4 2.2 3.3 4.7 1.5 2.2 3.3 4.7 1.5 2.2 3.3 4.7 Max DCR (m) 56.2 71.2 86.2 108.7 75 110 162 120 140 180 240 Rated D.C. Current (A) 2.52 1.75 1.44 1.15 1.32 1.04 0.84 1.29 1.14 0.98 0.79 Size WxLxH (mm) 4.5x4.0x3.5
Figure 4. Basic Application Circuit with fixed output versions
Setting the Output Voltage
Figure 1 above shows the basic application circuit with APS1006 adjustable output version. The external resistor sets the output voltage according to the following equation:
Part #
R2 VOUT = 0.6V x 1 + R1
Table 1 Resistor select for output voltage setting R1(R3) R2(R4) VOUT 1.2V 316k 316k 1.5V 316k 470k 1.8V 316k 634k 2.5V 316k 1000k
Sumida CR43 Sumida CDRH4D18 Toko D312C
4.7x4.7x2.0
3.6x3.6x1.2
Inductor Selection
For most designs, the APS1006 operates with inductors of 1H to 4.7H. Low inductance values are physically smaller but require faster switching, which results in some efficiency loss. The inductor value can be derived from the following equation:
Input Capacitor Selection
The input capacitor reduces the surge current drawn from the input and switching noise from the device. The input capacitor impedance at the switching frequency shall be less than input source impedance to prevent high frequency switching current passing to the input. A low ESR input capacitor sized for maximum RMS current must be used. Ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R dielectrics are highly recommended because of their low ESR and small temperature coefficients. A 4.7F ceramic capacitor for most applications is sufficient.
L=
VOUT x (VIN - VOUT ) V IN x I L x f OSC
Where I L is inductor Ripple Current. Large value inductors lower ripple current and small value inductors result in high ripple currents. Choose inductor ripple current approximately 35% of the maximum load current 600mA, or I L =210mA.
Output Capacitor Selection
The output capacitor is required to keep the output voltage ripple small and to ensure regulation loop stability. The output capacitor must have low impedance at the switching frequency. Ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R dielectrics are recommended due to their low
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ESR and high ripple current. The output ripple VOUT is determined by:
APS1006
VOUT
VOUT x (V IN - VOUT ) 1 x ESR + V IN x f OSC x L 8 x f osc x C 3
Package Description
Note: Package outline exclusive of mold flash and metal burr.
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RELATED PARTS
Part Number
APS1006 APS1016
APS1006
Description Comments
PWM and Pulse Skipping Mode operation. PWM and Power Saving Mode operation. Dual Channel version of the APS1016 with selectable Pulse Skipping Mode and Power Saving Mode operation. Dual Channel version of the APS1006 with Pulse Skipping Mode operation.
1.5 MHz, 600mA Synchronous Step-Down Converter 1.5 MHz, 600mA Synchronous Step-Down Converter with Low Quiescent Current Dual Channel 1.5 MHz, 600mA Synchronous Step-Down DC-DC Converter with Low Quiescent Current Dual Channel 1.5 MHz, 600mA Synchronous Step-Down DC-DC Converter
APS1026
APS1126
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Analog Power Semiconductor (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products or specifications herein. Analog Power Semiconductor (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. does not assume any responsibility for use of any its products for any particular purpose, nor does Analog Power Semiconductor (Shanghai) Co., Ltd assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any its products or circuits. Analog Power Semiconductor (Shanghai) Co., Ltd does not convey any license under its patent rights or other rights nor the rights of others.
Analog Power Semiconductor IPCore Technologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. 11 Floor, Block B, Hi-Tech Building, 900 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China Tel: (8621) 5423-5088 Fax: (8621) 5423-5256 http://www.apsemi.com; http://www.ipcoreinc.com
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